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1. The recently enacted Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), effective from July 1, 2024, replace the colonial-era IPC, CrPC, and Indian Evidence Act. The new laws focus on justice over punitive measures, incorporate technology in investigations and court procedures, and introduce new offences like terrorism, mob lynching, and organized crime with harsher penalties for crimes against women and children. Key changes include community service for minor offences, online FIR filing, mandatory crime scene videography, and forensic involvement in severe cases. States can amend certain provisions, and the IPC and CrPC will continue for pending cases and crimes reported post-implementation.
2. During his recent 'Mann Ki Baat' radio programme, the Prime Minister lauded Araku Coffee from Andhra Pradesh for its unique flavor and significance. Grown in the Araku Valley in the Eastern Ghats, this coffee features notes of chocolate, caramel, and subtle fruity acidity. Cultivated organically by tribal farmers and cooperatives, Araku Coffee promotes sustainable livelihoods and community empowerment. It has earned international acclaim, including the "Best Robusta" at the Café de Colombia Competition, and received a Geographical Indication (GI) Tag in 2019. Other Indian coffees with GI tags include Coorg Arabica, Wayanad Robusta, Chikmagalur Arabica, Bababudangiris Arabica, and Monsooned Malabar Robusta. India, the 6th largest coffee producer globally, ranks behind top producers Brazil, Vietnam, and Colombia, with Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu leading in domestic production.
3. National Statistics Day was celebrated on June 29, 2024, commemorating the birth anniversary of Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, a pioneering Indian statistician. The theme for 2024 is "Use of Data for Decision-Making," emphasizing the critical role of statistics in socio-economic planning and policy formulation. Celebrated since 2007, this day raises public awareness about the importance of statistics in national development. This year, the e-Sankhyiki data portal and Central Data Repository were launched. Mahalanobis, known for the Mahalanobis distance, was a key figure in India's inaugural Planning Commission and founded the Indian Statistical Institute in 1931. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan for his contributions to science. Additionally, World Statistics Day is observed by the United Nations every five years on October 20.
4. Recently, a mutual fund in India has come under investigation by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) for suspected front-running. Front-running, also known as tailgating, is an illegal practice under the SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1996, where fund managers place their orders ahead of large trades to profit from expected price changes. This typically involves brokers or fund managers exploiting knowledge of their clients' upcoming trades. Front-running is closely related to insider trading, where individuals with privileged information about a company make trading decisions based on non-public data. Insider trading usually involves company executives or employees leveraging confidential information to gain an advantage in the stock market. In India, insider trading is prohibited under the SEBI Act, 1992. The SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 2015 outline the rules for prohibiting and restricting insider trading. Both front-running and insider trading undermine investor confidence in the fairness and transparency of financial markets.