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1. The recent violent communal clashes in Manipur stemmed from the Manipur High Court's directive to grant Scheduled Tribe (ST) status to the non-tribal Meitei community. This sparked unrest, notably with the All-Tribal Student Union Manipur organizing rallies against the move. The Meiteis argue that ST status is essential to preserve their culture and protect ancestral lands, citing demographic shifts and marginalization. However, tribal groups oppose this, fearing loss of opportunities and land acquisition. Recent triggers, including forest evictions and concerns over demographic changes, have exacerbated tensions. To address the situation, evaluating ST criteria, enhancing border surveillance, and promoting inclusive governance are crucial steps forward. Additionally, repealing controversial laws like AFSPA and fostering regional peace agreements can contribute to long-term stability.
2. The Manipuri Pony, or Meitei Sagol, is a crucial part of India's equine heritage, renowned for its role in traditional sports and historical significance. However, its population has sharply declined, leading to its classification as endangered. Efforts to conserve the breed include the Manipuri Pony Conservation and Development Policy (MPCDP) framed in 2016. This breed, known for its unique traits like stamina, agility, and adaptability, holds cultural significance in Manipur, serving in traditional events and sports. With its population dwindling from 1,898 in 2003 to 1,089 in 2019, urgent action is needed to prevent its disappearance. The collaborative efforts of the Manipur government and various organizations aim to ensure the survival of this iconic breed and safeguard its legacy for future generations.
3. The Consumer Protection Act, 2019, effective from July 20, 2020, revolutionizes consumer rights in India. It introduces the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) to oversee consumer rights enforcement, addressing issues like unsafe products and misleading advertisements. The Act mandates rules for e-commerce platforms, ensuring transparency and efficient grievance redressal. Notably, sellers are obligated to provide essential information, accept returns for defective products, and refrain from price manipulation. Additionally, it introduces product liability, holding manufacturers accountable for faulty goods or services. The Act emphasizes alternate dispute resolution mechanisms like mediation and simplifies the adjudication process. Furthermore, it establishes the Central Consumer Protection Council (CCPC) as an advisory body, strengthening consumer advocacy at both central and state levels.
4. An unusual warming pattern resembling the El Nino phenomenon of 2009 has been observed along the equatorial Pacific region in 2023. This simultaneous warming of the eastern and western regions of the equatorial Pacific, attributed to global warming and natural variability, may lead to severe consequences for marine life globally. The phenomenon, marked by basin-scale warming in the equatorial Pacific, could push global warming beyond 1.5°C temporarily. This warming trend affects cyclones, hurricanes, and typhoons, potentially intensifying them. Furthermore, it poses a significant threat to marine biodiversity through marine heatwaves and coral bleaching. In India, the emergence of El Nino in 2023 may weaken the southwest monsoon, leading to droughts and heatwaves. However, sub-seasonal factors like the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) could temporarily enhance rainfall in specific regions.
5. The Government of India declared a day of state mourning on 21st May 2024 following the tragic demise of Iranian President Seyed Ebrahim Raisi and other senior officials in a helicopter-related incident. In accordance with the guidelines outlined by the Ministry of Home Affairs, the national tricolour will be flown at half-mast at all public buildings across the nation, and official entertainment activities will be suspended as a mark of respect. State mourning protocols are established within the Flag Code of India, 2002. Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed condolences over President Raisi's passing, acknowledging his significant role in strengthening India-Iran relations. Notably, during his tenure, Iran became a member of the BRICS grouping in Johannesburg in 2023, alongside Saudi Arabia, showcasing the importance of his contributions to regional diplomacy and cooperation.