No Polity for the Young (GS Paper 2, Society)
Context
- The article from the Indian Express delves into the growing influence of youth in sectors like business and technology, juxtaposed with their limited representation in politics.
- While young leaders are reshaping industries globally, their involvement in political arenas remains disproportionately low.
- The discussion also touches on systemic barriers, such as nepotism and dynastic rule, that inhibit the participation of young individuals in politics.
The Rise of Young Leaders in Industry
Technological Advancements and Young Innovators:
- Industry 3.0: The shift to Industry 3.0, marked by rapid technological advancements, has seen young entrepreneurs take the lead.
- Notable Figures: Young leaders like Larry Page (Google) and Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook) epitomize this trend, having made significant technological contributions in their twenties.
- Global Trend: This phenomenon extends beyond Western countries, with Indian youth also emerging as key players in sectors like IT, driving economic growth and innovation.
Challenges of Youth Participation in Politics
Limited Political Representation:
- Discrepancy: Despite the youth comprising nearly half of the global population, less than 2% of elected legislators are young.
- Barriers in Developing Countries: In countries like India, political landscapes are predominantly shaped by older generations, with youth facing substantial challenges in gaining political representation.
Initiatives and Slow Progress:
- UN Campaign: Initiatives like the UN's “Not Too Young To Run” campaign aim to address this gap but have seen slow progress.
The Persistence of Nepotism in Politics
Historical and Ongoing Dynastic Rule:
- Historical Roots: The issue of nepotism in Indian politics dates back to the Independence movement, with political families often using their influence to advance their descendants' careers.
- Current Scenario: Nepotism continues to dominate, with political families frequently holding leadership positions in major parties, which hampers the entry of young leaders based on merit.
The Call for Change
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Advocacy:
- Need for Reform: Modi has advocated for dismantling entrenched systems of nepotism and casteism, calling for a new generation of leaders to reshape Indian politics.
- Youth Potential: Modi emphasizes the readiness of the youth to lead, provided they receive the right opportunities and support.
Current Political Climate:
- Resistance to Change: The challenge remains whether the current political class is willing to make way for new, merit-based leadership or if they will continue prioritizing familial and personal interests.
Opportunities and Challenges Related to Youth Population in India
Status of Youth Population:
- Demographic Advantage: India has a significant youth population, with over 50% below the age of 25 and over 65% below 35. This demographic advantage is crucial for the country’s economic and social future.
Opportunities:
Human Capital Investment:
- Economic Growth: Harnessing the youth demographic as a human capital resource can drive substantial economic growth.
- Education and Skills: Investing in education and skill development can create a workforce capable of meeting diverse industry demands.
Innovation and Entrepreneurship:
- Start-ups and Industry Development: The youth's inclination towards innovation and entrepreneurship can foster the creation of new industries and start-ups.
- Agricultural Modernization: Engaging youth in modernizing agriculture through technology can boost productivity and sustainability.
Digital Connectivity:
- Tech-Savvy Population: The youth’s familiarity with digital technologies can accelerate the growth of the digital economy and drive technological adoption.
Social Change and Activism:
- Advocacy and Movements: Young people are often at the forefront of social and political change, advocating for important issues and raising awareness.
Conclusion
- The contrast between the rise of young leaders in business and technology and their limited representation in politics highlights systemic barriers that need addressing.
- For India to fully harness its demographic advantage, it must not only focus on fostering youth leadership in various sectors but also ensure that these leaders have a significant voice in the political arena.
- Overcoming obstacles like nepotism and creating inclusive political opportunities will be crucial for a dynamic and representative governance structure.
