Why did Pakistan carry out airstrikes in Afghanistan? (GS Paper 2, International Relations)
Background and Context:
Recent escalation: Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan’s Paktika and Khost provinces resulted in civilian casualties, leading to retaliatory attacks by the Taliban on Pakistani military posts along the border.
Disputed border: The Durand Line, marking the Pakistan-Afghanistan border, has long been contested by Afghanistan, particularly regarding Pashtun territories in Pakistan.
Tensions with the Taliban: The Afghan Taliban’s rejection of the Durand Line as a permanent border and subsequent skirmishes exacerbated tensions, especially after the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) ended a ceasefire in 2022.
Reasons for Airstrikes:
Terrorist activities: Following a suicide bombing in North Waziristan that killed seven Pakistani soldiers, President Asif Ali Zardari vowed a strong response.
Alleged TTP involvement: The TTP’s Hafiz Gul Bahadur Group claimed responsibility for the March 16 attack, prompting Pakistan to conduct airstrikes targeting TTP militants in Afghanistan.
Past precedents: Pakistan previously carried out airstrikes against Afghanistan in April 2022, targeting similar militant groups.
Reactions and Responses:
Taliban warnings: The Taliban warned of dire consequences if Pakistan continues attacks on Afghan territory, citing civilian casualties and denying allegations of harbouring TTP militants.
Pakistani concerns: Pakistan’s Foreign Office expressed grave concerns over TTP presence in Afghanistan, accusing Afghan territory of being used to launch attacks into Pakistan.
Diplomatic tensions: Despite assurances from the Taliban regarding preventing attacks from Afghan soil, distrust between Pakistan and the Taliban persists due to continued violence and militant activities.
Conclusion:
Escalating tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan led to Pakistani airstrikes in response to a suicide bombing. This highlights the strained relationship, fueled by the Taliban’s presence in Afghanistan and its alleged support for attacks in Pakistan.
