Dealing with Fake Bomb Threats in Aviation (GS Paper 3, Terrorism)
Why in News?
- Recently, India has experienced a troubling surge in fake bomb threats, with nearly 100 incidents reported in just one week.
- Most of these threats originated from anonymous social media accounts and, while all were ultimately deemed hoaxes, they have created significant disruptions for airlines, passengers, and crew members.
- This situation raises critical questions about aviation safety and the effectiveness of current security protocols.
- In light of these events, it’s essential to explore existing response mechanisms, government interventions, and the potential for legislative reforms aimed at mitigating such threats in the future.
Bomb Threat Response Protocol
Mid-air Bomb Threat
When a bomb threat is received during a flight, the Bomb Threat Assessment Committee (BTAC) is convened immediately to assess the credibility of the threat. This committee is composed of aviation security experts, law enforcement officials, and relevant stakeholders. Key actions taken include:
- Pilot Coordination: The flight crew collaborates closely with Air Traffic Control (ATC) to decide on the best course of action, which may involve returning to the departure airport, continuing to the intended destination, or diverting to the nearest safe airport.
- Passenger Safety Measures: Throughout the process, the safety and security of passengers are prioritized, and appropriate announcements are made to keep them informed without causing unnecessary panic.
Pre-departure Bomb Threat
In the event of a bomb threat occurring before take-off, protocols involve:
- Isolation of Aircraft: The aircraft is moved to a secluded area on the tarmac to minimize potential harm and ensure a thorough inspection can be conducted.
- Collaboration with BTAC: The BTAC coordinates efforts to inspect the aircraft, looking for any suspicious items or evidence of a threat.
International Flights
For threats targeting international flights that occur outside of Indian airspace:
- International Collaboration: Indian agencies work in conjunction with international ATC and relevant security agencies to ensure the safe diversion of the aircraft to a nearby airport, maintaining communication with the crew throughout the process.
Response to Recent Spate of Fake Bomb Threats
Swift Airline Response
In light of the recent threats, airlines have swiftly activated their anti-terrorism protocols. Each airline involved has:
- Emergency Contact with MoCA: Airlines immediately contacted the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) for guidance and support, ensuring compliance with national safety regulations.
- Cautionary Measures: Even in the face of multiple false threats, strict protocols have been adhered to, treating every threat with the seriousness it deserves to ensure passenger safety.
Inter-Ministerial Coordination
A robust response requires cooperation among various governmental bodies:
- Enhanced Coordination: The MoCA, Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), and agencies like the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) have intensified their collaboration. Regular meetings and information-sharing sessions have been established to ensure a cohesive response to threats.
Enhanced Security Measures
In response to the wave of threats, several measures have been implemented:
- Increased Security Checks: Security checks at airports have been raised by 10%, ensuring thorough vetting of passengers and luggage.
- Expanded Surveillance: CCTV coverage at airports has been enhanced to monitor suspicious activities and identify potential threats before they escalate.
Deterrence and Investigation Efforts
Efforts to deter and investigate these threats are ongoing:
- Dynamic Threat Assessment: The BCAS and airport-specific BTACs are taking a more proactive approach to evaluate threats, focusing on quick assessments that minimize disruption.
- Tracing Perpetrators: The government is making concerted efforts to track down those responsible for the threats. However, the use of VPNs and anonymous social media accounts complicates these efforts. Collaborations with social media platforms and VPN providers are essential for identifying the culprits.
Legislative Action to Curb Fake Bomb Threats
Current Legal Framework
- At present, hoax bomb threats are handled under general criminal laws.
- There are no specific provisions that address threats to aviation, which leaves a gap in the legal framework.
Proposed Amendments to Aircraft Security Rules
The government is considering several key changes:
- No-Fly List Inclusion: Amendments to the Aircraft Security Rules (governed by the Aircraft Act of 1934) are proposed to include individuals who make hoax threats in a no-fly list, effectively banning them from air travel. This would enhance the safety and security of air travel by deterring potential offenders.
Changes to the SUASCA Act, 1982
Amendments to the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against Safety of Civil Aviation (SUASCA) Act are being proposed:
- Broadened Scope: The changes would expand the Act’s application to include bomb threats, even when an aircraft is grounded, classifying these acts as cognizable offences.
- Severe Penalties: The amendments would introduce heavy fines and potential imprisonment for individuals found guilty of making such threats.
Conclusion
- The recent spate of fake bomb threats has highlighted significant vulnerabilities in the aviation sector, underscoring the need for robust security measures and effective legislative frameworks.
- The government's proactive approach to tighten regulations and enhance security protocols is commendable.
- However, the ongoing challenges related to tracking and deterring threats continue to test the resilience of the aviation system.
- By implementing stricter legal measures and fostering greater collaboration among relevant authorities, India can better safeguard its aviation sector against the rising tide of fake bomb threats, ensuring the safety and confidence of travelers.
