High Alert Issued in Kerala Due to West Nile Virus Outbreak (GS Paper 2, Health)
Why in News?
Kerala is on high alert following the emergence of the mosquito-borne West Nile Virus (WNV) in the region.
With twelve confirmed cases and four suspected cases reported in recent weeks, Health Minister Veena George and other officials have intensified surveillance measures and pledged prompt action to contain the spread of the disease and provide necessary treatment to affected individuals.
Transmission of WNV
West Nile Virus (WNV) is primarily transmitted by the Culex mosquito and its progeny, serving as vectors for the virus.
Transmission occurs when mosquitoes feed on infected birds and subsequently bite humans, leading to infection.
Other modes of transmission include blood transfusions, maternal-fetal transmission, and laboratory exposure.
However, the virus does not spread through direct contact with infected individuals or animals.
First Outbreak in India
While the first documented case of WNV in India dates back to 1952 in Mumbai, sporadic outbreaks have occurred in southern and central regions since then.
The virus remains a persistent public health concern, underscored by the complete genome sequence of WNV identified during a severe encephalitis outbreak in Kerala in 2011.
Symptoms
Mild Symptoms: Initial symptoms may include fever, headache, and body aches, with some cases remaining asymptomatic.
Severe Neurological Complications: In severe instances, WNV can lead to encephalitis and meningitis, posing significant health risks.
Incubation Period: The virus typically manifests symptoms within three to fourteen days following exposure.
Preventive Measures
Currently, there is no vaccine available for WNV prevention.
To mitigate the risk of infection, individuals are advised to take precautionary measures such as using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and employing mosquito control methods indoors and outdoors.
About West Nile Virus
West Nile Virus (WNV) is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus within the Flaviviridae family.
Primarily transmitted through the bites of infected Culex mosquitoes, WNV was first identified in Uganda in 1937 and has since spread across continents, affecting humans, animals, and birds.
While humans and animals can contract the virus, birds serve as the primary reservoir hosts for WNV.
