ICMR Issues Warning: Packaged Food Labels May Mislead Consumers (GS Paper 3, Health)
Context
- The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), operating through its National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) in Hyderabad, has raised concerns over potentially misleading claims found on packaged food labels.
- In its dietary guidelines released in May 2024, the ICMR highlights the deceptive nature of labels designed to attract consumer attention, cautioning that they may not accurately represent the healthiness of the products they adorn.
Misleading Claims:
The guidelines pinpoint several examples where food labeling can be deceptive:
- Sugar-Free Products: Despite being commonly perceived as healthy alternatives, sugar-free products might contain high levels of fats, hidden sugars like maltitol and fructose, and refined cereals. This can lead to a higher caloric intake, contradicting the health-conscious intentions of consumers.
- Packed Fruit Juices: Labels boasting of containing 'real fruit' or 'fruit juice' can be misleading if the actual fruit content is as low as 10%, with the rest comprising water, sugar, and additives. Consumers may be misled into believing they are consuming a nutritious fruit beverage when, in reality, they are ingesting mostly water and sugar.
- Whole Grain Misrepresentation: Products labeled as 'made with whole grain' may still undergo heavy processing or contain other refined ingredients, despite the presence of whole grains. This label may not accurately reflect the product's nutritional value or the prominence of whole grains in its composition.
- Organic Labels: To be labeled as 100% organic, products must be free from artificial preservatives, flavors, colors, pesticides, and chemical fertilizers. The presence of the 'Jaivik Bharat' logo, approved by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), is indicative of organic authenticity.
Label Reading and Nutritional Claims:
The guidelines stress the importance of thorough label reading, focusing on:
- Ingredients List: Consumers are encouraged to scrutinize the ingredients list to verify the actual content against claims made on the packaging.
- Nutrition Information: Checking serving sizes and nutritional facts such as calories, fats, sugars, and other nutrients based on the serving size mentioned aids in making informed dietary choices.
- Certifications and Logos: Understanding the significance of certifications and logos, such as the 'Jaivik Bharat' logo, helps consumers discern the authenticity of claims made on the packaging.
- Expiry Dates: Noting manufacture and use-by dates ensures product freshness and safety, further contributing to informed decision-making.
Consumer Advisory:
- Despite stringent regulations by the FSSAI, the risk of misinterpretation remains. Consumers are advised to critically assess food labels to make informed dietary choices.
- Awareness of the distinction between 'nutrition facts' and 'nutrition claims' guides healthier decisions, alongside understanding serving sizes and the actual amount per serving detailed on the label to manage dietary needs accurately.
Notes on ICMR and FSSAI:
- The ICMR, established in 1911, is involved in coordinating and promoting biomedical research in India.
- The FSSAI, a statutory body established in 2006, is responsible for regulating and supervising food safety in India, aiming to protect and promote public health.
- Both organizations play crucial roles in ensuring the safety and well-being of consumers through research, regulation, and advisory measures.
Conclusion
- In conclusion, the ICMR's warning underscores the importance of consumer vigilance when navigating the complexities of packaged food labels, ultimately empowering individuals to make informed and health-conscious dietary choices.
