World Hemophilia Day 2024, Date, History and Theme (Prelims Facts)

Why in news?

• World Hemophilia Day is an annual observance held on April 17th to raise awareness about hemophilia, a rare and inherited bleeding disorder.
• This year, the theme for World Hemophilia Day 2024 is “Equitable access for all: recognizing all bleeding disorders.” 

History of World Hemophilia Day

• The foundation of World Hemophilia Day was laid in 1989 by the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH).
• The date of April 17th was chosen to honor the birth of Frank Schnabel, the founder of the organization, who played a pivotal role in advocating for hemophilia awareness and improved treatment options.

Hemophilia: A Royal Disease

• While hemophilia cases have been documented as far back as ancient Egypt, the disease gained more widespread recognition when Queen Victoria of England became a carrier of hemophilia B, or factor IX deficiency, in the 19th century.
• She passed on this genetic trait to three of her nine children, earning hemophilia the moniker “the royal disease.”

The Etymology of Hemophilia

• The term “hemophilia” is a shortened version of the original term “hemorrhaphilia,” which was coined by Dr. Schonlein, a professor at the University of Zurich, and his student, Friedrich Hopff.

Understanding Hemophilia

• Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly due to alterations in the genes that regulate the body’s ability to stop bleeding.
• This genetic condition is more common in men, as the genes responsible for producing the clotting factors VIII and IX are located on the X chromosome.

Types of Hemophilia

There are three main types of hemophilia:

1. Hemophilia A: Caused by mutations in the F8 gene, which provides instructions for producing clotting factor VIII.
2. Hemophilia B: Caused by mutations in the F9 gene, which provides instructions for producing clotting factor IX.
3. Hemophilia C: Caused by a deficiency in factor XI, located on an autosome, and is considered a rare form of the disease.

Symptoms and Complications of Hemophilia

• Individuals with hemophilia may experience a range of symptoms and complications, including excessive bleeding, joint pain, swelling, and bone-related issues.
• Undiagnosed cases, particularly in individuals with mild hemophilia, can even be life-threatening, as a seemingly minor injury or surgery can lead to fatal internal bleeding.

The Importance of Diagnosis and Treatment

• Accurate diagnosis of hemophilia is crucial, as it allows for appropriate management and treatment.
• While there is no cure for hemophilia, advancements in treatment options, such as factor supplementation and gene therapy, have significantly improved the quality of life for those living with the condition.

World Hemophilia Day: Raising Awareness and Advocating for Change

• World Hemophilia Day provides an important platform to educate the public about the causes, symptoms, and challenges faced by individuals living with hemophilia and other bleeding disorders.
• It also highlights the need for ongoing research, innovation, and improved access to care, particularly in underserved and marginalized communities.

The Theme for World Hemophilia Day 2024

• This year’s theme, “Equitable access for all: recognizing all bleeding disorders,” emphasizes the importance of ensuring that all individuals affected by bleeding disorders, regardless of their age, gender, or location, have access to the necessary support, resources, and medical care they need to live fulfilling and empowered lives.

Advocating for Comprehensive Care and Support

• World Hemophilia Day encourages the global bleeding disorders community to come together and advocate for comprehensive care and support, including access to specialized healthcare providers, affordable treatment options, and robust social and emotional support networks.
• This collaborative effort is crucial in addressing the challenges faced by those living with hemophilia and other bleeding disorders.

The Role of Healthcare Professionals and Advocacy Organizations

• Healthcare professionals, such as hematologists, genetic counselors, and specialized care teams, play a vital role in ensuring accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and comprehensive management of hemophilia and related disorders.
• Advocacy organizations, like the World Federation of Hemophilia, work tirelessly to raise awareness, promote research, and collaborate with governments and healthcare systems to improve access to care and treatment options worldwide.